In the Shiite culture, the Imam has unique virtues, attributes, and his KNOWLEDGE is beyond the KNOWLEDGE of ordinery people, because his KNOWLEDGE has divine origins. In his book titled "Mashareq al-Anwar al-Yaghin fi Asrar al-Amir al-Mu'minin”, Hafiz Rajab Bursi, one of the scholars of the eighth century A. H., has mentioned more than seventy narrations that testifies to the divine KNOWLEDGE of the Imams (A. S. ). He belivies that these narrations are proof of the divine origins of Imam’s KNOWLEDGE. He has tried to explain the bases of this KNOWLEDGE. Since Bursi's views are somewhat different from those of other Shiite thinkers, we dicided to present his ideas in the form of an article. Our findings testify that Bursi has inferred the SOURCES of the KNOWLEDGE of the infallible Imam and the various aspects of his KNOWLEDGE and awareness. His belief is that Imam’s KNOWLEDGE is not limited to shariah law and incldes different types of KNOWLEDGE such as: KNOWLEDGE of the great names of God, KNOWLEDGE of society, KNOWLEDGE of Jafr, KNOWLEDGE of the events of "Makan" and "Mayakon", KNOWLEDGE of disasters, and KNOWLEDGE of all languages, even the language of animals, KNOWLEDGE of the holy scriptures of previous prophets, KNOWLEDGE to the world of purgatory and resurrection and the state of heaven and hell. Although, with aim of better explaining the issues raised in this article, we have used various SOURCES, the focus has been on "Mashareq al-Anwar al-Yaqin fi Asrar al-Amir al-Mu'minin". The mthod adopted in the pesnet study is an impirical descriptive-analytical one.

One of the beliefs and teachings of the Shiite doctrine, differentiating it from the other denominations of Islam is that of Imamate. Affiliated with and emerging simultaneous to Imamate, the problem of Imam, s KNOWLEDGE has also been of importance for the Imamiyya theologians. Despite the agreement on general aspects of the problem among them, some disagreements on the marginal parameters of Imam, s KNOWLEDGE resulted in the development of different approaches toward it. In this article we survey the approaches of the theologians of Baghdad and Qom theology schools and conclude that they do not have any disagreement on the problem of the SOURCES of Imam, s KNOWLEDGE.

Scientific scepticism, fundamentally, questions the veracity and epistemic value of claims not supported by scientific evidence. Motivated by the assumption that only the empirical investigation of reality leads to the truth, the scientific sceptics often maintain that only scientific method is best suited for this purpose. Claims found to be wanting in scientific evidence are considered untrue, and of little or no epistemic consequence. Using the analytical and critical methods, this paper interrogates this epistemic criterion of justification of scientific scepticism. It shows the inherent epistemic deficits in this criterion of the scientific sceptics, and how absolutizing its demands in such a manner as to undermine the veracity and epistemic significance of claims outside the mainstream discipline of science is not only to entrap themselves in many epistemic burdens, but also to sink under the unsavoury weight of criteriological egocentrism, detrimental to cognitive progress. As a credible alternative, this paper explores the epistemic fecundity of contextualistic pluralism – the pluralism of contextually underwritten cognitive positions – in truth and KNOWLEDGE justification. It concludes with the relevance of this approach in epistemic justification as evident in its inclusive nature as well as its shift of the focus of philosophical thinking from identity to diversity in an interculturality society.

The Kerman region stands out as one of the most significant mining areas globally, owing to its extensive and abundant mineral reSOURCES. Bam County, situated in the southeastern part of Kerman, has historically served as a crucial hub connecting the southeast of Iran with Sistan and Afghanistan, attributed to its distinctive geological and geomorphological characteristics. Enjoying considerable commercial and military importance since the Sassanid era, Bam County has garnered attention in archaeological research as a strategically vital region. The exploration of Bam's archaeological sites becomes imperative for historical governments, highlighting the need to investigate and comprehend ancient centers engaged in metal smelting and mining activities. Consequently, an archaeological survey of the central part of Bam County was initiated in 2018-2019 with the specific objective of identifying metal smelting workshops and ancient mines. This article presents the outcomes of a field survey conducted in the central part of Bam County, shedding light on evidence of metal smelting centers, furnaces, and historical mining activities. The primary research inquiries center around the chronology of mining evidence in the central part of Bam County, the types of metals extracted, and the processes involved in metal mining and metallurgy within this region. Employing field and documentary methods, the research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach. The study identified and examined eight sites showcasing evidence of smelting and slag, one ancient mine, and two active mines. These sites have been associated with the extraction and processing of metals and elements such as tin, zinc, lead, silver, iron, and, to a lesser extent, gold. Notably, the substantial volume of zinc and zinc oxide processing in seven sites holds significance. Although cultural materials for chronological dating were absent in the investigated sites, historical SOURCES indicate that the extraction and smelting of these metals in the region date back to at least the 3rd century AH (9th century AD) and persisted until the Qajar period

The focus of this study is primarily on “the discrepancy in mentality as an important factor affecting family problems and divorce”. For this purpose, some minor studies were conducted each of which experimentally examined different aspects of mental discrepancy in Iranian families. Almost all of these studies showed that permanent disputes and divorces resulted from the differences in their world-views, thinkings, and impressions in their mutual affairs. At last, the theory of Homogamy with two major revisions were used to explain the reasons and causes of family problems and divorce which were confirmed in minor studies and cases.

This research was carried out with the purpose of determining the effectiveness of the self-KNOWLEDGE educational package based on the theory of existentialism on the illogical beliefs of communication on people. The statistical population included all married people who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Tehran's 1st and 3rd districts with marital problems. In the current research, experimental research method of quasi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. In the research sample, 16 people who had a high level of irrational beliefs were selected voluntarily based on the answers to the voluntary questionnaire of counseling centers, and 8 people were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was Adilson and Epstein's communication irrational beliefs questionnaire, which was conducted with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and 12 data collection training sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance or MANOVA method was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis of covariance in the Mankva text showed that in the main hypothesis, the analysis of covariance in the variable of couples' irrational beliefs (sig=0.02, F=6.059) is significant. The results of the sub-hypotheses also showed that the analysis of covariance in the variable of destructiveness, belief in the changeability of the spouse, belief in mind reading, belief in sexual perfectionism and sexual differences of couples is significant. the self-KNOWLEDGE education based on the existentialism approach is effective on the irrational beliefs of married people.

In this article, IMAM'S KNOWLEDGE is being discussed from Shaikh Mofid’s viewpoint and in different respects. Involving: The origin of Imam’s KNOWLEDGE, Imam’s KNOWLEDGE of the unseen, the article also discusses the scope of IMAM'S KNOWLEDGE and its samples and approval. It demonstrates that IMAM'S KNOWLEDGE ability covers the whole genre, languages and words, messengers and prophets' cognition, and the whole revealed books, and awareness of people's nature.

KNOWLEDGE, being pure of quiddity, mahiyyah, is a mode of existence. There can be found some instruments for acquiring KNOWLEDGE called the powers of KNOWLEDGE. They consist in the powers of sensation, imagination, intellection and heart. As Imam`s powers arrive at the highest degree of perfection, he attains the highest origins of KNOWLEDGE consisting in: the First Intellect, the Well Guarded Tablet, the Throne, the Table, revelation and the prophets` KNOWLEDGE and books. Imam attains the truths of all sciences through the origins. He is, for instance, a bearing witness for servants` actions and knows the booklets in which the events are recorded in detail, the true interpretation of holy Qoran, the Divine names and the essence of angles. He finally passes the farthest lote-tree and arrives at destruction in Divine Essence.

The Abrahamic religions include the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All of these religions consider Abraham as their ancestor, and they consider science to be the KNOWLEDGE of the universe and humanity, which are divine revelations. The framework of science in the Abrahamic religions uses three basic concepts: 1) monotheism (as a fundamental principle, a single and all-encompassing Divine vision) 2) the universe (as a divine creation) 3) science (as an all-encompassing KNOWLEDGE about the world as the sign of God). The purpose of writing this paper is to find the common principles governing science among Abrahamic religions, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library SOURCES. The results of this research is an intellectual attempt to draw on the commonalities between various Abrahamic religions in the areas of constructive dialogue in the field of globalization, based on revelatory and spiritual teachings, to achieve the unification of the world, which is one of the divine promises and is rooted in the natural foundations of humanity.

Imamate is a theological teaching that all the Islamic sects and denominations agree on its necessity and each of them has dealt with it considering some characteristics and aspects. From the beginning of the debate of imamate until now, in addition to the common features, Shiites have emphasized three specific features (appointment by text, infallibility and KNOWLEDGE) and in this sense, they have made imamate in their belief system different from other Islamic schools, and associated their identity of Shiism with the imamate characterized by these features; Therefore, it can be seen that a significant part of the scholarly efforts of Imamiyya theologians in the discussion of Imamate has been devoted to these three characteristics in order of priority. Regardless of the researches that have mostly explained, justified and defended the mentioned teachings considering the stated order, this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, aims to a deal with the role of IMAM'S KNOWLEDGE, its importance and underlying position compared to the other two features by presenting the proofs and pieces of evidence. Also, it will lead to more attention of theologians to the teaching of the IMAM'S KNOWLEDGE in the system of compiling and teaching theology.